Mấy tuần này không thấy có mấy các đồng chí mạnh miệng nói về cái sự ổn định của tỷ giá lên tiếng nên tớ ngứa chân ngứa tay quá. Nhân có bài trên Thanh Niên nói về tỷ giá sáng nay, tớ đành lôi ra phang tạm vậy.
Tác giả rất ấm ức cho rằng tỷ giá tăng lên mạnh mà chẳng vì can cớ gì. Nhưng chính tác giả sau đó đã tự vô thức giải thích ấm ức của mình mà không hề hay biết.
Cụ thể, trong bài, yếu tố căng thẳng Biển Đông được nêu ra để "vạch mặt" cái tệ rỉ tai nhau đầu cơ. Vậy thì can cớ chính là đây chứ còn đâu nữa? Cái can cớ này phủ nhận hoàn toàn sự tồn tại của những yếu tố tích cực với tỷ giá mà tác giả nêu ban đầu, nào là xuất siêu, nào là dự trữ ngoại hối tăng kỷ lục, trong khi cầu khá bình lặng (chưa đến mùa thanh toán hợp đồng xuất nhập khẩu).
Bởi chính vì cái can cớ Biển Đông và "nạn" đầu cơ nên bên có ngoại tệ bán thì không muốn bán (giữ cái đã) hoặc có bán thì phải bán với giá cao, vì nghĩ rằng không bán được cao hôm nay thì cữ giữ lấy vì giá ngày mai còn cao hơn. Còn bên (muốn) mua thì cũng phải chấp nhận mua cao, vì nghĩ rằng không mua cao hôm nay thì ngày mai còn phải mua cao hơn nữa.
Và cũng phải phang đồng chí tác giả này một phát ở cái suy nghĩ nông cạn rằng cầu chỉ đến từ các giao dịch/cầu thực (ví dụ cho xuất nhập khẩu). Cầu còn đến từ chính nhu cầu mua ngoại tệ để đầu cơ, mà nhiều người tiện mồm gọi là "cầu ảo".
Tác giả cũng cho rằng vấn đề ở Biển Đông không phải chuyện một sớm một chiều có thể giải quyết. Nếu vậy thì kết luận này của tác giả càng ủng hộ cho nhận định của giới đầu cơ về sức ép lên tỷ giá có tính dài hạn hơn khi những rủi ro liên quan đến VN, tức đến nền kinh tế VN, tức đến đồng tiền VN, là có tính dài hạn hơn, chứ không phải chỉ tồn tại trong một sớm một chiều để mà nói tỷ giá tăng chẳng vì can cớ gì. Do đó, việc đầu cơ USD, và (dẫn đến) việc tỷ giá tăng là điều logic đấy chứ, sao lại phủ định đi? Chưa kể, tỷ giá vốn đã sẵn chịu áp lực từ lâu rồi, và Biển Đông bây giờ lại đổ thêm cả một biển nước vào nữa thì tỷ giá không tăng lên mới là lạ.
Tất nhiên, khi NHNN can thiệp thì tỷ giá sẽ ổn định trở lại thôi, nhưng đó là do có sự can thiệp, chứ chẳng phải vì tự thân thị trường ngu ngốc, vô lý gì cả.
Tất nhiên, vận dụng lòng yêu nước để đạt mục đích nào đó là điều cũng có lý thôi, nhưng lòng yêu nước không nên/thể bị lạm dụng quá, và lòng yêu nước không phải khi nào cũng thắng được thị trường.
Nghĩ đơn giản thế thôi cho nó... sáng suốt nhé!
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19. Yang, Chih-Hai, Ramstetter, Eric D., Tsaur, Jen-Ruey, and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2015, "Openness, Ownership, and Regional Economic Growth in Vietnam", Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Vol. 51, Supplement 1, 2015 (Mar).
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1540496X.2014.998886#.Ve7he3kVjIU
18. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2013, 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Further Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing', Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 25, Apr 2013,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049007812001170.
17. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2011, 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Further Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing', ESRI Discussion Paper Series No.278, Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Tokyo, Japan. (http://www.esri.go.jp/en/archive/e_dis/abstract/e_dis278-e.html)
16. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2009, ‘Foreign Ownership and Exports in Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Singapore Economic Review, Vol. 54, Issue 04.
(http://econpapers.repec.org/article/wsiserxxx/v_3a54_3ay_3a2009_3ai_3a04_3ap_3a569-588.htm)
15. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2008. ‘The Roles of Capital and Technological Progress in Vietnam’s Economic Growth’, Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2.
(http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1724281)
14. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2008. ‘Sources of Vietnam’s Economic Growth’, Progress in Development Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3.
(http://pdj.sagepub.com/content/8/3.toc)
13. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2008. 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Working Paper 2008-04, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2008a_e.html#04)
12. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2007. ‘Employee Compensation, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Vietnam’s Manufacturing Industries’, Working Paper 2007-07, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2007a_e.html)
11. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2007. ‘Changes in Ownership and Producer Concentration after the Implementation of Vietnam’s Enterprise Law’, Working Paper 2007-06, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2007a_e.html#06)
10. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2006. ‘Economic Growth, Trade, and Multinational Presence in Vietnam's Provinces’, Working Paper 2006-18, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. Also presented in the 10th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, Nov. 18-19, 2006, Beijing.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2006a_e.html#18)
9. Phan, Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, Phan Thuy Nga, and Shigeru Uchida, 2005. ‘Effects of Cyclical Movements of Foreign Currencies’ Interest Rates and Exchange Rates on the Vietnamese Currency’s Interest and Exchange Rates’. Asian Business & Management, Vol. 4, No.3.
(http://www.palgrave-journals.com/abm/journal/v4/n3/abs/9200134a.html)
8. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2004. ‘Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Vietnam's Economic Transition’. Asian Economic Journal, Vol.18, No.4.
(http://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/asiaec/v18y2004i4p371-404.html)
7. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2004. ‘Foreign Ownership Shares and Exports of Multinational Firms in Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Working Paper 2004-32, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. An earlier version of this paper was presented in the 9th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, 13-14 November 2004, Hong Kong.
(www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2004/2004-32.pdf)
6. Phan, Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, and Phan Thuy Nga, 2003. ‘Exports and Long-Run Growth in Vietnam, 1976-2001’, ASEAN Economic Bulletin, Vol.20, No.3.
(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb020/is_3_20/ai_n29057943/)
5. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2003. ‘Comparing Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Vietnam’, Working Paper 2003-43, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2003/2003-43.pdf)
4. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Shigeru Uchida, 2003. ‘Stabilization Policy Issues in Vietnam’s Economic Transition’. Annual Review of Southeast Asian Studies, Research Institute of Southeast Asia, Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, Vol. 44 (March).
3. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2002. ‘Foreign Multinationals, State-Owned Enterprises, and Other Firms in Vietnam’, Working Paper 2002-23, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. This paper was also presented in the 8th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, 4-5 November 2002, Kuala Lumpur.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2003/2003-43.pdf)
2. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Shigeru Uchida, 2002. ‘Capital Controls to Reduce Volatility of Capital Flows; Case Studies in Chile, Malaysia, and Vietnam in 1990s’. Annual Review of Southeast Asian Studies, Research Institute of Southeast Asia, Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, Vol. 43 (March).
1. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2002. ‘Comparisons of Foreign Invested Enterprises and State-Owned Enterprises in Vietnam in the 1990s’. Kyushu Keizai Nenpo (the Annual Report of Economic Science, Kyushu Association of Economic Science), No.40 (December). An earlier version of this paper was presented in the 40th Conference of the Kyushu Keizai Gakkai (Kyushu Association of Economic Science).
19. Yang, Chih-Hai, Ramstetter, Eric D., Tsaur, Jen-Ruey, and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2015, "Openness, Ownership, and Regional Economic Growth in Vietnam", Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Vol. 51, Supplement 1, 2015 (Mar).
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1540496X.2014.998886#.Ve7he3kVjIU
18. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2013, 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Further Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing', Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 25, Apr 2013,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049007812001170.
17. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2011, 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Further Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing', ESRI Discussion Paper Series No.278, Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Tokyo, Japan. (http://www.esri.go.jp/en/archive/e_dis/abstract/e_dis278-e.html)
16. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2009, ‘Foreign Ownership and Exports in Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Singapore Economic Review, Vol. 54, Issue 04.
(http://econpapers.repec.org/article/wsiserxxx/v_3a54_3ay_3a2009_3ai_3a04_3ap_3a569-588.htm)
15. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2008. ‘The Roles of Capital and Technological Progress in Vietnam’s Economic Growth’, Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2.
(http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1724281)
14. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2008. ‘Sources of Vietnam’s Economic Growth’, Progress in Development Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3.
(http://pdj.sagepub.com/content/8/3.toc)
13. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2008. 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Working Paper 2008-04, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2008a_e.html#04)
12. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2007. ‘Employee Compensation, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Vietnam’s Manufacturing Industries’, Working Paper 2007-07, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2007a_e.html)
11. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2007. ‘Changes in Ownership and Producer Concentration after the Implementation of Vietnam’s Enterprise Law’, Working Paper 2007-06, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2007a_e.html#06)
10. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2006. ‘Economic Growth, Trade, and Multinational Presence in Vietnam's Provinces’, Working Paper 2006-18, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. Also presented in the 10th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, Nov. 18-19, 2006, Beijing.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2006a_e.html#18)
9. Phan, Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, Phan Thuy Nga, and Shigeru Uchida, 2005. ‘Effects of Cyclical Movements of Foreign Currencies’ Interest Rates and Exchange Rates on the Vietnamese Currency’s Interest and Exchange Rates’. Asian Business & Management, Vol. 4, No.3.
(http://www.palgrave-journals.com/abm/journal/v4/n3/abs/9200134a.html)
8. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2004. ‘Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Vietnam's Economic Transition’. Asian Economic Journal, Vol.18, No.4.
(http://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/asiaec/v18y2004i4p371-404.html)
7. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2004. ‘Foreign Ownership Shares and Exports of Multinational Firms in Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Working Paper 2004-32, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. An earlier version of this paper was presented in the 9th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, 13-14 November 2004, Hong Kong.
(www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2004/2004-32.pdf)
6. Phan, Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, and Phan Thuy Nga, 2003. ‘Exports and Long-Run Growth in Vietnam, 1976-2001’, ASEAN Economic Bulletin, Vol.20, No.3.
(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb020/is_3_20/ai_n29057943/)
5. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2003. ‘Comparing Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Vietnam’, Working Paper 2003-43, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2003/2003-43.pdf)
4. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Shigeru Uchida, 2003. ‘Stabilization Policy Issues in Vietnam’s Economic Transition’. Annual Review of Southeast Asian Studies, Research Institute of Southeast Asia, Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, Vol. 44 (March).
3. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2002. ‘Foreign Multinationals, State-Owned Enterprises, and Other Firms in Vietnam’, Working Paper 2002-23, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. This paper was also presented in the 8th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, 4-5 November 2002, Kuala Lumpur.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2003/2003-43.pdf)
2. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Shigeru Uchida, 2002. ‘Capital Controls to Reduce Volatility of Capital Flows; Case Studies in Chile, Malaysia, and Vietnam in 1990s’. Annual Review of Southeast Asian Studies, Research Institute of Southeast Asia, Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, Vol. 43 (March).
1. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2002. ‘Comparisons of Foreign Invested Enterprises and State-Owned Enterprises in Vietnam in the 1990s’. Kyushu Keizai Nenpo (the Annual Report of Economic Science, Kyushu Association of Economic Science), No.40 (December). An earlier version of this paper was presented in the 40th Conference of the Kyushu Keizai Gakkai (Kyushu Association of Economic Science).
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