Saturday 14 November 2020

Priority banking – dịch vụ ngân hàng dành cho tầng lớp "có tiền" và những đặc quyền đáng mơ ước (Bài đăng trên CafeF, 13/11/2020)

https://cafef.vn/priority-banking-dich-vu-ngan-hang-danh-cho-tang-lop-co-tien-va-nhung-dac-quyen-dang-mo-uoc-20201111224021225.chn

Kỳ 2: Priority banking – dịch vụ ngân hàng dành cho tầng lớp có tiền

Ở những nơi như Singapore, bạn có nhiều cách làm giả cho mình trông giàu có hơn. Bạn có thể mua một chiếc ô tô đẹp để rồi tối đến lái Grab kiếm tiền trả nợ vay mua xe, hoặc tiêu tốn tiền tiết kiệm cả năm để du lịch một chuyến ở châu Âu rồi khoe ảnh trên Instagram.

Nhưng nếu bạn là khách hàng priority banking của một ngân hàng ở Singapore thì chắc chắn bạn là một người có tiền. Lưu ý ở đây từ "có tiền" được dùng thay cho từ "giàu có" bởi những người thật sự giàu có thì nằm ở một bậc trên (về độ... "có tiền", có hàng triệu USD) và thường là khách hàng private banking của ngân hàng mà chúng ta đã đề cập đến trong bài trước. Nói chính xác thì priority banking là dành cho tầng lớp trung lưu ở Singapore. Để so sánh thì khách hàng priority banking được ví với khách hàng hạng Business Class của các hãng bay, còn khách hàng private banking thì như khách hàng First Class vậy.

Để được gọi là khách hàng priority banking thì cần phải gửi tiền và/hoặc các tài sản khác (có thể gồm tài khoản tiền gửi tiết  kiệm, gửi có kỳ hạn, và các công cụ đầu tư khác như trái phiếu, cổ phiếu, quỹ đầu tư ủy thác, quỹ phòng hộ v.v...) tối thiểu ở một ngưỡng nào đó tùy theo từng ngân hàng. Nhưng ngưỡng tối thiểu này thường thấp hơn rất nhiều so với khách hàng private banking.

Cũng ở Singapore chẳng hạn, bạn chỉ cần có 70.000 SGD (khoảng hơn 1,2 tỷ VND) – mức mà nhiều người Singapore bình thường có – là đã có thể trở thành khách hàng priority banking của ngân hàng Citi, so với nếu là khách hàng priority banking thì cần có tài sản ít nhất là 6 chữ số (đơn vị USD). Tuy nhiên, với hàng chục ngân hàng còn lại thì mức tối thiểu này cao hơn nhiều, từ 200.000 SGD trở lên đến 350.000 SGD. Khi đã có mức tài sản sở hữu ở mức tối thiểu trở lên như vậy thì bạn sẽ được các ngân hàng cấp cho thẻ tín dụng với những tên gọi không nhất thiết chỉ có từ "priority" mà còn có thể là "priviledge",  "premier", "prestige", "treasures" hoặc "Infinite" v.v...

Khi đã trở thành khách hàng priority banking thì bạn sẽ được hưởng một số đặc quyền, thường là: (1) không phải xếp hàng tại quầy như với khách hàng thông thường mà không ít khi mất đến cả nửa tiếng đến một tiếng đồng hồ mới đến lượt được phục vụ tại nhiều ngân hàng Singapore. Tại các chi nhánh ngân hàng, thường sẽ có một cửa/quầy phục vụ dành riêng cho priority banking; (2) được cắt cử một nhân viên phụ trách quan hệ (RM) riêng trợ giúp các yêu cầu và hỗ trợ đầu tư tài sản; (3) hưởng lãi suất ưu đãi hơn (cả đi vay lẫn gửi tiền) và tỷ giá tốt hơn một chút so với khách hàng thông thường; (4) được giảm các phí và lệ phí ngân hàng; và (5) các quyền lợi khác, có thể là chiết khấu du lịch, sử dụng phòng VIP tại sân bay, chiết khấu chơi golf, được phục vụ miễn phí đồ uống như cà phê, nước quả, chè (thậm chí cả rượu vang) tại các chi nhánh vào bất cứ thời điểm nào trong ngày, được nhận phong bì lì xì vào dịp tết, được mời tham dự các buổi nói chuyện về đầu tư và sự kiện khác v.v...

Nguồn khách hàng priority banking càng trở nên quan trọng với các ngân hàng trên thế giới trong bối cảnh có khủng hoảng, bất ổn trong và ngoài nước, ảnh hưởng tiêu cực đến hoạt động bình thường của ngân hàng. Trong và sau khủng hoảng, các ngân hàng trong nỗ lực thu hút nhà đầu tư nước ngoài phải tung ra các dịch vụ đặc biệt để thu hút vốn bù đắp cho sự sụt giảm vốn đầu tư và/hoặc tiền gửi của người cư trú hoặc không cư trú. Đổi lại, khách hàng priority banking được thương lượng với các ngân hàng về lãi suất, tỷ giá, phí và lệ phí v.v... là những thứ mà thông thường thì ngân hàng sẽ áp đặt một chiều đối với các khách hàng "bình dân" khác.

Do khách hàng private banking cũng được hưởng các đặc quyền trên nên đôi khi có sự khó hiểu về bản chất của hai loại dịch vụ ngân hàng này. Để cho dễ hiểu hơn, cần biết rằng để được là khách hàng private banking thì thường bạn phải được ngân hàng gửi giấy mời, chứ không đơn giản chỉ là việc bạn tự nộp đơn như khi bạn xin trở thành khách hàng priority banking của một ngân hàng nào đó.

Ngoài ra, tuy cũng được hưởng các đặc quyền như với priority banking nhưng những đặc quyền này của private banking nằm ở một cấp độ khách hẳn so với của khách hàng priority banking, đặc biệt về chiến lược đầu tư, chiến lược tài chính và né thuế. Nói cách khác, mức độ chăm sóc tài chính dành cho khách hàng private banking sẽ cao hơn nhiều, chuyên nghiệp và giá trị hơn nhiều so với cho khách hàng priority banking.

Một khác biệt lớn khác giữa hai loại dịch vụ ngân hàng này là mức độ bảo mật riêng tư. Đây có thể là một sự hấp dẫn rất lớn, đặc biệt đối với những người (siêu) giàu và/hoặc nổi tiếng là những người không muốn thông tin tài chính cá nhân rò rỉ từ bất cứ nơi đâu, thời điểm nào.

 (Còn nữa...)

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Một số nghiên cứu bằng tiếng Anh của tớ

(Một số bài không download được. Bạn đọc có nhu cầu thì bảo tớ nhé)

19. Yang, Chih-Hai, Ramstetter, Eric D., Tsaur, Jen-Ruey, and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2015, "Openness, Ownership, and Regional Economic Growth in Vietnam", Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Vol. 51, Supplement 1, 2015 (Mar).
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(http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1724281)

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(http://pdj.sagepub.com/content/8/3.toc)

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(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2008a_e.html#04)

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(www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2007a_e.html)

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(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2007a_e.html#06)

10. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2006. ‘Economic Growth, Trade, and Multinational Presence in Vietnam's Provinces’, Working Paper 2006-18, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. Also presented in the 10th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, Nov. 18-19, 2006, Beijing.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2006a_e.html#18)

9. Phan, Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, Phan Thuy Nga, and Shigeru Uchida, 2005. ‘Effects of Cyclical Movements of Foreign Currencies’ Interest Rates and Exchange Rates on the Vietnamese Currency’s Interest and Exchange Rates’. Asian Business & Management, Vol. 4, No.3.
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7. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2004. ‘Foreign Ownership Shares and Exports of Multinational Firms in Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Working Paper 2004-32, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. An earlier version of this paper was presented in the 9th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, 13-14 November 2004, Hong Kong.
(www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2004/2004-32.pdf)

6. Phan, Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, and Phan Thuy Nga, 2003. ‘Exports and Long-Run Growth in Vietnam, 1976-2001’, ASEAN Economic Bulletin, Vol.20, No.3.
(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb020/is_3_20/ai_n29057943/)

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(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2003/2003-43.pdf)

4. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Shigeru Uchida, 2003. ‘Stabilization Policy Issues in Vietnam’s Economic Transition’. Annual Review of Southeast Asian Studies, Research Institute of Southeast Asia, Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, Vol. 44 (March).

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(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2003/2003-43.pdf)

2. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Shigeru Uchida, 2002. ‘Capital Controls to Reduce Volatility of Capital Flows; Case Studies in Chile, Malaysia, and Vietnam in 1990s’. Annual Review of Southeast Asian Studies, Research Institute of Southeast Asia, Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, Vol. 43 (March).

1. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2002. ‘Comparisons of Foreign Invested Enterprises and State-Owned Enterprises in Vietnam in the 1990s’. Kyushu Keizai Nenpo (the Annual Report of Economic Science, Kyushu Association of Economic Science), No.40 (December). An earlier version of this paper was presented in the 40th Conference of the Kyushu Keizai Gakkai (Kyushu Association of Economic Science).