Đồng chí Hải ở HSBC trả lời VnEconomy về tỷ giá có lẽ là tốt nhất trong số những nhận định về tỷ giá của giới có học.
Cụ thể:
1. Vạch ra được 5 yếu tố góp phần tăng tỷ giá, mà thường chỉ có người làm trong ngân hàng mới có thể quan sát được. Nhưng cũng chính qua những yếu tố này ta mới càng thấy thêm cái nguy hiểm của việc cam kết và neo giữ tỷ giá, tạo điều kiện cho giới đầu tư làm ăn trên lưng NHNN (và cũng tức là trên lưng ngân khố quốc gia). Tớ đã nhiều lần nói đến cái mối nguy này mà không ai thèm nghe, chỉ chăm chăm vào chuyện làm sao ổn định được tỷ giá để "tạo niềm tin" cho giới đầu tư (tức là tạo điều kiện cho họ tiếp tục kiếm lợi dưới sự "bảo kê" của chính sách neo giữ tỷ giá của NHNN).
2. Thừa nhận sự lên xuống của tỷ giá là điều tốt (chứ không phải ổn định mới là tốt), để tránh đầu cơ (ví dụ, vay đôla chuyển ra VND để cho vay lại, hưởng lãi suất VND). Đây cũng là điều ngược lại với quan điểm (trên bề mặt) của NHNN và của đại bộ phận các đồng chí chuyên gia và dân thường.
3. Thừa nhận việc điều hành tỷ giá không nên/chỉ căn cứ vào quan hệ cung cầu có căng thẳng hay không, mà còn phải phụ thuộc vào một số yếu tố chủ quan khác, chẳng hạn như kích thích xuất khẩu (đây cũng là ý của đồng chí X kính yêu của tớ, như tớ đã hoan nghênh nhiệt liệt trong một bài trên TBKTSG, có post trong blog này, hình như dưới tiêu đề "Chính sách tỷ giá qua thông điệp của Thủ tướng"). Đây là điều mà NHNN nhất quyết chống lại (trên bề mặt), và luôn nhấn mạnh chỉ can thiệp khi có căng thẳng cung cầu, và hiện tại chưa cần can thiệp vì cung cầu vẫn bình thường.
4. Thừa nhận rằng phá giá (điều chỉnh tỷ giá) là có lợi cho xuất khẩu (mặc dù có thể kèm một số cái hại đến những chỉ tiêu vĩ mô khác như lạm phát, niềm tin...), chứ không phải như phát biểu từ những cái lưỡi máy rằng phá giá không có lợi cho xuất khẩu.
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Một số nghiên cứu bằng tiếng Anh của tớ
(Một số bài không download được. Bạn đọc có nhu cầu thì bảo tớ nhé)
19. Yang, Chih-Hai, Ramstetter, Eric D., Tsaur, Jen-Ruey, and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2015, "Openness, Ownership, and Regional Economic Growth in Vietnam", Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Vol. 51, Supplement 1, 2015 (Mar).
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1540496X.2014.998886#.Ve7he3kVjIU
18. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2013, 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Further Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing', Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 25, Apr 2013,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049007812001170.
17. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2011, 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Further Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing', ESRI Discussion Paper Series No.278, Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Tokyo, Japan. (http://www.esri.go.jp/en/archive/e_dis/abstract/e_dis278-e.html)
16. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2009, ‘Foreign Ownership and Exports in Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Singapore Economic Review, Vol. 54, Issue 04.
(http://econpapers.repec.org/article/wsiserxxx/v_3a54_3ay_3a2009_3ai_3a04_3ap_3a569-588.htm)
15. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2008. ‘The Roles of Capital and Technological Progress in Vietnam’s Economic Growth’, Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2.
(http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1724281)
14. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2008. ‘Sources of Vietnam’s Economic Growth’, Progress in Development Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3.
(http://pdj.sagepub.com/content/8/3.toc)
13. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2008. 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Working Paper 2008-04, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2008a_e.html#04)
12. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2007. ‘Employee Compensation, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Vietnam’s Manufacturing Industries’, Working Paper 2007-07, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2007a_e.html)
11. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2007. ‘Changes in Ownership and Producer Concentration after the Implementation of Vietnam’s Enterprise Law’, Working Paper 2007-06, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2007a_e.html#06)
10. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2006. ‘Economic Growth, Trade, and Multinational Presence in Vietnam's Provinces’, Working Paper 2006-18, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. Also presented in the 10th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, Nov. 18-19, 2006, Beijing.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2006a_e.html#18)
9. Phan, Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, Phan Thuy Nga, and Shigeru Uchida, 2005. ‘Effects of Cyclical Movements of Foreign Currencies’ Interest Rates and Exchange Rates on the Vietnamese Currency’s Interest and Exchange Rates’. Asian Business & Management, Vol. 4, No.3.
(http://www.palgrave-journals.com/abm/journal/v4/n3/abs/9200134a.html)
8. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2004. ‘Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Vietnam's Economic Transition’. Asian Economic Journal, Vol.18, No.4.
(http://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/asiaec/v18y2004i4p371-404.html)
7. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2004. ‘Foreign Ownership Shares and Exports of Multinational Firms in Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Working Paper 2004-32, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. An earlier version of this paper was presented in the 9th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, 13-14 November 2004, Hong Kong.
(www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2004/2004-32.pdf)
6. Phan, Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, and Phan Thuy Nga, 2003. ‘Exports and Long-Run Growth in Vietnam, 1976-2001’, ASEAN Economic Bulletin, Vol.20, No.3.
(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb020/is_3_20/ai_n29057943/)
5. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2003. ‘Comparing Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Vietnam’, Working Paper 2003-43, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2003/2003-43.pdf)
4. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Shigeru Uchida, 2003. ‘Stabilization Policy Issues in Vietnam’s Economic Transition’. Annual Review of Southeast Asian Studies, Research Institute of Southeast Asia, Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, Vol. 44 (March).
3. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2002. ‘Foreign Multinationals, State-Owned Enterprises, and Other Firms in Vietnam’, Working Paper 2002-23, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. This paper was also presented in the 8th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, 4-5 November 2002, Kuala Lumpur.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2003/2003-43.pdf)
2. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Shigeru Uchida, 2002. ‘Capital Controls to Reduce Volatility of Capital Flows; Case Studies in Chile, Malaysia, and Vietnam in 1990s’. Annual Review of Southeast Asian Studies, Research Institute of Southeast Asia, Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, Vol. 43 (March).
1. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2002. ‘Comparisons of Foreign Invested Enterprises and State-Owned Enterprises in Vietnam in the 1990s’. Kyushu Keizai Nenpo (the Annual Report of Economic Science, Kyushu Association of Economic Science), No.40 (December). An earlier version of this paper was presented in the 40th Conference of the Kyushu Keizai Gakkai (Kyushu Association of Economic Science).
19. Yang, Chih-Hai, Ramstetter, Eric D., Tsaur, Jen-Ruey, and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2015, "Openness, Ownership, and Regional Economic Growth in Vietnam", Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Vol. 51, Supplement 1, 2015 (Mar).
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1540496X.2014.998886#.Ve7he3kVjIU
18. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2013, 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Further Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing', Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 25, Apr 2013,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049007812001170.
17. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2011, 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Further Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing', ESRI Discussion Paper Series No.278, Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Tokyo, Japan. (http://www.esri.go.jp/en/archive/e_dis/abstract/e_dis278-e.html)
16. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2009, ‘Foreign Ownership and Exports in Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Singapore Economic Review, Vol. 54, Issue 04.
(http://econpapers.repec.org/article/wsiserxxx/v_3a54_3ay_3a2009_3ai_3a04_3ap_3a569-588.htm)
15. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2008. ‘The Roles of Capital and Technological Progress in Vietnam’s Economic Growth’, Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2.
(http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1724281)
14. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2008. ‘Sources of Vietnam’s Economic Growth’, Progress in Development Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3.
(http://pdj.sagepub.com/content/8/3.toc)
13. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2008. 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Working Paper 2008-04, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2008a_e.html#04)
12. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2007. ‘Employee Compensation, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Vietnam’s Manufacturing Industries’, Working Paper 2007-07, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2007a_e.html)
11. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2007. ‘Changes in Ownership and Producer Concentration after the Implementation of Vietnam’s Enterprise Law’, Working Paper 2007-06, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2007a_e.html#06)
10. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2006. ‘Economic Growth, Trade, and Multinational Presence in Vietnam's Provinces’, Working Paper 2006-18, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. Also presented in the 10th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, Nov. 18-19, 2006, Beijing.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2006a_e.html#18)
9. Phan, Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, Phan Thuy Nga, and Shigeru Uchida, 2005. ‘Effects of Cyclical Movements of Foreign Currencies’ Interest Rates and Exchange Rates on the Vietnamese Currency’s Interest and Exchange Rates’. Asian Business & Management, Vol. 4, No.3.
(http://www.palgrave-journals.com/abm/journal/v4/n3/abs/9200134a.html)
8. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2004. ‘Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Vietnam's Economic Transition’. Asian Economic Journal, Vol.18, No.4.
(http://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/asiaec/v18y2004i4p371-404.html)
7. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2004. ‘Foreign Ownership Shares and Exports of Multinational Firms in Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Working Paper 2004-32, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. An earlier version of this paper was presented in the 9th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, 13-14 November 2004, Hong Kong.
(www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2004/2004-32.pdf)
6. Phan, Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, and Phan Thuy Nga, 2003. ‘Exports and Long-Run Growth in Vietnam, 1976-2001’, ASEAN Economic Bulletin, Vol.20, No.3.
(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb020/is_3_20/ai_n29057943/)
5. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2003. ‘Comparing Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Vietnam’, Working Paper 2003-43, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2003/2003-43.pdf)
4. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Shigeru Uchida, 2003. ‘Stabilization Policy Issues in Vietnam’s Economic Transition’. Annual Review of Southeast Asian Studies, Research Institute of Southeast Asia, Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, Vol. 44 (March).
3. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2002. ‘Foreign Multinationals, State-Owned Enterprises, and Other Firms in Vietnam’, Working Paper 2002-23, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. This paper was also presented in the 8th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, 4-5 November 2002, Kuala Lumpur.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2003/2003-43.pdf)
2. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Shigeru Uchida, 2002. ‘Capital Controls to Reduce Volatility of Capital Flows; Case Studies in Chile, Malaysia, and Vietnam in 1990s’. Annual Review of Southeast Asian Studies, Research Institute of Southeast Asia, Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, Vol. 43 (March).
1. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2002. ‘Comparisons of Foreign Invested Enterprises and State-Owned Enterprises in Vietnam in the 1990s’. Kyushu Keizai Nenpo (the Annual Report of Economic Science, Kyushu Association of Economic Science), No.40 (December). An earlier version of this paper was presented in the 40th Conference of the Kyushu Keizai Gakkai (Kyushu Association of Economic Science).
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