Monday 6 February 2023

Năng suất lao động thấp hay chuyện con gà quả trứng

Báo chí mới đưa tin năng suất lao động của Việt Nam thuộc diện rất thấp trong khu vực, chỉ cao hơn 3 nước Lào, Myanamar, Cambodia trong năm 2020 (tính theo sức mua tương đương, PPP, của năm 2017, xem hình). Điều này gây ngạc nhiên và thất vọng cho không ít người, bởi với họ, bên cạnh chuyện thua kém về GDP trên đầu người, nay Việt Nam lại còn thua kém ở khoảng cách rất xa so với thế giới về một chỉ tiêu nữa là năng suất lao động của người lao động.

Thực ra thì hai chỉ tiêu trên đều có liên quan mật thiết với nhau theo kiểu con gà và quả trứng, và chung quy đều xuất phát từ vấn đề chậm phát triển, “không chịu lớn... nhanh” của Việt Nam so với thế giới trong mấy chục năm qua. Còn nếu muốn biết lý do tại sao Việt Nam không chịu lớn nhanh thì lại phải hỏi... đồng chí Trọng và các đồng nghiệp hoặc tiền bối (đã khuất) của đồng chí ấy.

Để giúp các đồng chí và các bạn hiểu cụ thể vấn đề con gà và quả trứng này, tớ copy lại cái link như dưới đây về một bài viết của tớ trên báo Doanh nhân Sài Gòn hồi năm 2014, và mong rằng từ nay về sau báo chí và dư luận cũng đừng, bớt ngạc nhiên hay thất vọng về năng suất lao động nữa, mà hãy chỉ cần tập trung vào tăng trưởng GDP là đủ.

Link: https://dantri.com.vn/lao-dong-viec-lam/nang-suat-lao-dong-viet-nam-thap-do-dau-1407053408.htm

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Một số nghiên cứu bằng tiếng Anh của tớ

(Một số bài không download được. Bạn đọc có nhu cầu thì bảo tớ nhé)

19. Yang, Chih-Hai, Ramstetter, Eric D., Tsaur, Jen-Ruey, and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2015, "Openness, Ownership, and Regional Economic Growth in Vietnam", Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, Vol. 51, Supplement 1, 2015 (Mar).
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1540496X.2014.998886#.Ve7he3kVjIU

18. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2013, 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Further Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing', Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 25, Apr 2013,
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049007812001170.

17. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2011, 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Further Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing', ESRI Discussion Paper Series No.278, Economic and Social Research Institute, Cabinet Office, Tokyo, Japan. (http://www.esri.go.jp/en/archive/e_dis/abstract/e_dis278-e.html)

16. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2009, ‘Foreign Ownership and Exports in Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Singapore Economic Review, Vol. 54, Issue 04.
(http://econpapers.repec.org/article/wsiserxxx/v_3a54_3ay_3a2009_3ai_3a04_3ap_3a569-588.htm)

15. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2008. ‘The Roles of Capital and Technological Progress in Vietnam’s Economic Growth’, Journal of Economic Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2.
(http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1724281)

14. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2008. ‘Sources of Vietnam’s Economic Growth’, Progress in Development Studies, Vol. 8, No. 3.
(http://pdj.sagepub.com/content/8/3.toc)

13. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2008. 'Productivity, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Transition: Evidence from Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Working Paper 2008-04, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2008a_e.html#04)

12. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2007. ‘Employee Compensation, Ownership, and Producer Concentration in Vietnam’s Manufacturing Industries’, Working Paper 2007-07, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2007a_e.html)

11. Ramstetter, Eric D. and Phan Minh Ngoc, 2007. ‘Changes in Ownership and Producer Concentration after the Implementation of Vietnam’s Enterprise Law’, Working Paper 2007-06, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2007a_e.html#06)

10. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2006. ‘Economic Growth, Trade, and Multinational Presence in Vietnam's Provinces’, Working Paper 2006-18, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. Also presented in the 10th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, Nov. 18-19, 2006, Beijing.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/wp2006a_e.html#18)

9. Phan, Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, Phan Thuy Nga, and Shigeru Uchida, 2005. ‘Effects of Cyclical Movements of Foreign Currencies’ Interest Rates and Exchange Rates on the Vietnamese Currency’s Interest and Exchange Rates’. Asian Business & Management, Vol. 4, No.3.
(http://www.palgrave-journals.com/abm/journal/v4/n3/abs/9200134a.html)

8. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2004. ‘Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Vietnam's Economic Transition’. Asian Economic Journal, Vol.18, No.4.
(http://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/asiaec/v18y2004i4p371-404.html)

7. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2004. ‘Foreign Ownership Shares and Exports of Multinational Firms in Vietnamese Manufacturing’, Working Paper 2004-32, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. An earlier version of this paper was presented in the 9th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, 13-14 November 2004, Hong Kong.
(www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2004/2004-32.pdf)

6. Phan, Minh Ngoc, Nguyen Thi Phuong Anh, and Phan Thuy Nga, 2003. ‘Exports and Long-Run Growth in Vietnam, 1976-2001’, ASEAN Economic Bulletin, Vol.20, No.3.
(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb020/is_3_20/ai_n29057943/)

5. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2003. ‘Comparing Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Vietnam’, Working Paper 2003-43, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2003/2003-43.pdf)

4. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Shigeru Uchida, 2003. ‘Stabilization Policy Issues in Vietnam’s Economic Transition’. Annual Review of Southeast Asian Studies, Research Institute of Southeast Asia, Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, Vol. 44 (March).

3. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Eric D. Ramstetter, 2002. ‘Foreign Multinationals, State-Owned Enterprises, and Other Firms in Vietnam’, Working Paper 2002-23, Kitakyushu: International Centre for the Study of East Asian Development. This paper was also presented in the 8th Convention of the East Asian Economic Association, 4-5 November 2002, Kuala Lumpur.
(http://www.icsead.or.jp/7publication/workingpp/wp2003/2003-43.pdf)

2. Phan, Minh Ngoc and Shigeru Uchida, 2002. ‘Capital Controls to Reduce Volatility of Capital Flows; Case Studies in Chile, Malaysia, and Vietnam in 1990s’. Annual Review of Southeast Asian Studies, Research Institute of Southeast Asia, Faculty of Economics, Nagasaki University, Vol. 43 (March).

1. Phan, Minh Ngoc, 2002. ‘Comparisons of Foreign Invested Enterprises and State-Owned Enterprises in Vietnam in the 1990s’. Kyushu Keizai Nenpo (the Annual Report of Economic Science, Kyushu Association of Economic Science), No.40 (December). An earlier version of this paper was presented in the 40th Conference of the Kyushu Keizai Gakkai (Kyushu Association of Economic Science).